Europe Inside Out brings together experts to explain Europe's foreign policy challenges and opportunities. Every month, go beyond the headlines with Carnegie Europe and explore where the continent stands, how it got here, and where it is heading.
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Despite Labour’s landslide victory in last year’s general election, support for British Prime Minister Keir Starmer is now sharply eroding.Thomas de Waal, Peter Kellner, and Anne McElvoy unpack the rise of Reform UK and whether a pragmatic reengagement with the EU could revive growth in Britain.Peter Kellner, October 18, 2025, “Reform’s Poll Lead Will Shrink,” The New World.Peter Kellner, October 10, 2025, “Voters Are Not Listening to Labour,” Prospect Magazine.Peter Kellner, September 22, 2025, “A History Lesson for Starmer and Badenoch,” Prospect Magazine.Peter Kellner, May 14, 2025, “The Moment of Truth for a UK-EU Reset,” Carnegie Europe.Anne McElvoy, December 5, 2025, “Despite Trump-pleasing Defense Boost, Britain’s Military Is Braced for Cuts,” Politico.Anne McElvoy, November 20, 2025, “MAGA’s British invasion,” Politico.Anne McElvoy, December 8, 2025, “Labour Together? Who Is Hastening the PM's Downfall,” Politics at Sam and Anne's.Anne McElvoy, December 3, 2025, “Who Is Behind Farage-Tory Pact Plot?,” Politics at Sam and Anne's.Anne McElvoy, November 27, 2025, “The Budget's Hidden Problems Revealed,” Politics at Sam and Anne's.
Is Europe Ready to Be Geopolitical? (00:29:13)
Between high-level reports, bold statements, and internal negotiation, Europe struggles to outline a cohesive geostrategic vision for its place in the world. Sophia Besch, Dan Baer, and Rosa Balfour explore why the EU often fails to establish long-term solutions to the challenges it faces, and explain how Europe can overcome its political and institutional paralysis. Rosa Balfour, Stefan Lehne, and Elena Ventura, September 22, 2025, “The European Radical Right in the Age of Trump 2.0,” Carnegie Europe.Sophia Besch, June 26, 2025, “The Price of Protection,” Emissary, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Dan Baer, May 13, 2025, “Trump’s Brain Drain Will Be Europe’s Gain,” Foreign Policy.Rosa Balfour, April 30, 2025, “Europe Tried to Trump-Proof Itself. Now It’s Crafting a Plan B,” Emissary, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Rosa Balfour, March 25, 2025, “The Case for Europe,” Strategic Europe, Carnegie Europe.Sophia Besch and Erik Brown, December 16, 2024, “Securing Europe’s Subsea Data Cables,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Dan Baer and Sophia Besch, December 12, 2024, “NATO’s Northeast Countries Have a Template for Europe’s New Security Reality,” Emissary, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.”
The Elusive Road to Peace in Gaza (00:38:56)
The ceasefire between Israel and Hamas seems to be holding, but much work will need to be done before it can transform into a lasting peace.Rym Momtaz, Pierre Vimont, and Maha Yahya break down reactions from European and Arab leaders to Trump’s Gaza peace plan and discuss if Europe has a role to play.Rym Momtaz, October 7, 2025, “The Trump Gaza Peace Plan Needs the EU, Too,” Strategic Europe, Carnegie Europe.Rym Momtaz, June 10, 2025, “Europeans and Arabs Must Take Historic Steps Toward a Palestinian State,” Strategic Europe, Carnegie Europe.Rym Momtaz, May 15, 2025, “Taking the Pulse: Should the EU Suspend its Association Agreement With Israel?,” Strategic Europe, Carnegie Europe.Pierre Vimont, July 22, 2025, “Reinventing European Diplomacy,” Strategic Europe, Carnegie Europe.Pierre Vimont, October 10, 2023, “Europe’s Moment of Powerlessness in the Middle East,” Strategic Europe, Carnegie Europe.Maha Yahya, February 17, 2025, “The Fatal Flaw of the New Middle East,” Foreign Affairs
Europe’s Place on the Global Chessboard (00:29:56)
The EU-U.S. trade deal concluded in July and the EU-China summit held the same month highlighted Europe’s weakening position on the global chessboard. Rym Momtaz, Rosa Balfour, and Erik Jones unpack why European leaders struggle to play power politics and explore what it will take for the EU to regain strategic agency. [00:00:00] Intro, [00:01:54] Europe's Summer of Delusion, [00:14:18] Prospects for EU Institutional Reform [00:24:18] Europe's Quest for a Strategic VisionRosa Balfour, April 30, 2025, “Europe Tried to Trump-Proof Itself. Now It’s Crafting a Plan B,” Emissary, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Rosa Balfour, March 25, 2025, “The Case for Europe,” Carnegie Europe.Rosa Balfour, Sinan Ülgen, November 28, 2024, “Europe’s Fledgling Economic Statecraft and the Trump Challenge,” Strategic Europe, Carnegie Europe.Rosa Balfour, Erik Jones, et al., November 19, 2024, “Geopolitics and Economic Statecraft in the European Union,” Carnegie Europe.Erik Jones, July 17, 2025, “Betting on Europe,” Strategic Europe, Carnegie Europe.Erik Jones, Gideon Rose, June 23, 2025, “Europe’s Two-Front War,” Foreign Affairs.Erik Jones, November 6, 2024, “How Draghi and Letta May Help in Dealing With Trump,” Encompass.Rym Momtaz et al., August 28, 2025, “Taking the Pulse: With Trump, Has Europe Capitulated?,” Strategic Europe, Carnegie Europe.Rym Momtaz, August 26, 2025, “Europe’s Summer of Trump Delusion,” Strategic Europe, Carnegie Europe.Rym Momtaz et al., July 24, 2025, “Taking the Pulse: Does the EU-China Summit Show a Weakened European Hand with Beijing?,” Strategic Europe, Carnegie Europe.Rym Momtaz, July 15, 2025, “Europe’s Claim to Geopolitical Power Isn’t Passing the Trump Test,” Strategic Europe, Carnegie Europe.
Can Europe Cooperate with Trump on Climate Action? (00:32:54)
U.S. President Donald Trump perceives climate change not as an environmental crisis but as a geostrategic opportunity. Rym Momtaz sat down with Olivia Lazard and Milo McBride to explore whether Europe can still cooperate with the United States on the clean energy transition.[00:00:00] Intro, [00:01:48] The Trump Administration’s Approach to Climate Change, [00:10:32] EU-U.S. Cooperation on Climate Action, [00:20:38] The Future of the Clean Energy TransitionOlivia Lazard, May 9, 2025, “What Are Rare Earths and Why Does Everyone Want Them?,” BBC Radio.Milo McBride, Narayan Subramanian, June 5, 2025, “America’s Electric Vehicle Surrender,” Foreign Policy.Milo McBride, May 29, 2025, “Clean Energy’s New Cold War: Can the U.S. Compete With China?,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Milo McBride, Daniel Helmeci, May 1, 2025, “The Global Trend of Turning Power Plants Into Clean Energy Hubs,” Emissary, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Milo McBride et al., February 26, 2025, “How the U.S. Can Stop Losing the Race for Clean Energy,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Milo McBride, Daniel Helmeci, February 26, 2025, “Minerals, Manufacturing, and Markets: Foreign Policy for U.S. Energy Technology and Minerals,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Can Turkey and Armenia Normalize Relations? (00:30:13)
Relations between Turkey and Armenia remain frozen, largely because of Azerbaijan’s influence over Ankara and a lack of sustained Western diplomatic engagement. Rym Momtaz sat down with Thomas de Waal and Garo Paylan to discuss the main obstacles to a rapprochement and why reopening the Turkey-Armenia border matters for both regional and Western interests.[00:00:00] Intro, [00:01:35] The State of Turkey-Armenia Relations, [00:11:58] Russia's Influence in the Process, [00:20:47] Can the West Play a Role?Thomas de Waal, March 17, 2025, “Armenia and Azerbaijan’s Major Step Forward,” Emissary, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Thomas de Waal, September 19, 2024, “Armenia and Azerbaijan: A Fragile Peace Process,” Strategic Europe, Carnegie Europe.Thomas de Waal, July 11, 2024, “Armenia Navigates a Path Away From Russia,” Carnegie Europe.Thomas de Waal, Dimitar Bechev, and Maksim Samorukov, May 30, 2024, “Between Russia and the EU: Europe’s Arc of Instability,” Carnegie Europe.Thomas de Waal, September 22, 2023, “A Tragic Endgame in Karabakh,” Carnegie Europe.Garo Paylan, January 30, 2025, “Leveraging International Pressure to Reform Turkey,” CivilNet.Garo Paylan, January 13, 2025, “Armenia-Azerbaijan Peace Deal: A Golden Opportunity for Trump,” Wall Street Journal.Garo Paylan, July 3, 2024, “Why Washington Must Push Forward the Fragile Armenia-Azerbaijan Peace Plan,” Emissary, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
How AI Is Reshaping the Global Order (00:32:08)
As transatlantic tensions over technology and AI regulation intensify, emerging powers like China, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates are seeking to assert their dominance in the tech domain. Rym Momtaz sat down with Sinan Ülgen and Sam Winter-Levy to discuss the dual-use nature of generative AI and large language models and how they might be misused by malign actors. [00:00:00] Intro, [00:01:28] Generative AI and Large Language Models, [00:11:57] The Efforts in Regulating Generative AI, [00:19:23] The Future of the Tech SectorSinan Ülgen, January 27, 2025, “The World According to Generative Artificial Intelligence,” Carnegie Europe.Sinan Ülgen, August 13, 2024, “Turkey’s Instagram Spat Shows the Limits of Global Content Governance,” Financial Times.Sam Winter-Levy, Sophia Besch, January 30, 2025 “How Will AI Export Policies Redefine U.S. Global Influence?” The World Unpacked, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Sam Winter-Levy, Matt Sheehan, January 28, 2025, “Chips, China, and a Lot of Money: The Factors Driving the DeepSeek AI Turmoil,” Emissary, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Sam Winter-Levy, January 24, 2025, “The United Arab Emirates’ AI Ambitions,” Center for Strategic and International Studies.Sam Winter-Levy, January 13, 2025, “With Its Latest Rule, the U.S. Tries to Govern AI’s Global Spread,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Sam Winter-Levy, December 13, 2024, “The AI Export Dilemma: Three Competing Visions for U.S. Strategy,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Sam Winter-Levy, September 20, 2024, “Silicon Valley Hasn’t Revolutionized Warfare—Yet,” Foreign Policy.
Can Europe Keep Democracy Alive? (00:27:12)
One of the Trump administration’s first moves has been the dismantling of USAID, an agency that has been critical for international development and democracy promotion.Rym Momtaz sat down with Thomas Carothers and Richard Youngs to discuss the implications of U.S. cuts to foreign aid and Europe’s role in keeping the global democracy agenda alive.[00:00:00] Intro, [00:01:11] Trump’s Cuts to USAID, [00:10:07] The Need to Rethink the International Democracy Agenda, [00:20:33] Europe's Defensive Approach to Democracy.Thomas Carothers, March 3, 2025, “Does U.S. Democracy Aid Have a Future?,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Thomas Carothers, February 4, 2025, “The Heartless Upheaval of American Foreign Aid,” Emissary, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Thomas Carothers, March 3, 2025, “Prospects for US Democracy Support During the Second Trump Presidency,” European Democracy Hub.Thomas Carothers, Richard Youngs, May 2, 2024, “European and U.S. Democracy Support: The Limits of Convergence,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Richard Youngs, February 26, 2025, “European Reactions to the U.S. Retreat From Democracy,” Carnegie Europe.Richard Youngs, February 26, 2025, “No world order: Europe needs more radical thinking for the Trump era,” The Conversation.Richard Youngs et al., January 23, 2025, “European Democracy Support Annual Review 2024,” Carnegie Europe.Richard Youngs, Elene Panchulidze, December 2, 2024, “Playing Defence: Europe and Democracy,” Survival.Richard Youngs, September 25, 2024, “The European Union is becoming too obsessed with defence,” The Conversation.
Can Europe Step Up for Ukraine? (00:31:44)
After three years of war on its soil, Ukraine is grappling with manpower shortages and increasingly uncertain Western military support in the face of Russia’s continued aggression.Rym Momtaz sat down with Yuliya Bidenko and Eric Ciaramella to unpack the situation on the ground and the war’s broader implications for European security and the transatlantic alliance.[00:00:00] Intro, [00:02:01] The Military Situation on the Ground, [00:11:17] Ukraine’s Mobilization and Societal Priorities, [00:18:43] Europe’s Role in Ensuring Ukraine’s Security.Yuliya Bidenko, February 8, 2023, “How Ukraine Forged a Culture of Resilience,” Europe Inside Out, Carnegie Europe.Eric Ciaramella, January 30, 2025, “Triangle of Sadness: Prospects of Trump-Putin-EU Peace Talks on Ukraine, with Eric Ciaramella,” Carnegie Politika, Carnegie Russia Eurasia Center.Eric Ciaramella, December 5, 2024, “Rational Security: The "Ukraine in the Membrane" Edition,” Lawfare.Rym Momtaz et al., December 5, 2024, “Taking the Pulse: Are Information Operations Russia’s Most Potent Weapon Against Europe?,” Strategic Europe, Carnegie Europe.Rym Momtaz et al., January 9, 2025, “Taking the Pulse: Can Poland’s EU Presidency Be Credible Without Deploying Troops to Ukraine?,” Strategic Europe, Carnegie Europe.Rym Momtaz et al., November 21, 2024, “Taking the Pulse: Would Freezing Ukraine’s NATO Membership Process Advance Peace?,” Strategic Europe, Carnegie Europe.Rym Momtaz, November 5, 2024, “Behind the Scenes, Preparations for Russia-Ukraine Negotiations,” Strategic Europe, Carnegie Europe.
Can the EU Outmaneuver Russia Around the Black Sea? (00:27:38)
Russia’s belligerence and political interference in some of the Black Sea littoral states threaten the EU’s influence in the region. Rym Momtaz sat down with Dimitar Bechev and Thomas de Waal to discuss how the union can respond to Moscow’s destabilizing actions and keep the enlargement process on track. [00:00:00] Intro, [00:02:13] The Political Situation in Georgia and Moldova, [00:10:04] The EU’s Enlargement Strategy, [00:20:14] Europe’s Role in the Black SeaRym Momtaz et al., December 5, 2024, “Taking the Pulse: Are Information Operations Russia’s Most Potent Weapon Against Europe?,” Strategic Europe, Carnegie Europe.Dimitar Bechev, November 25, 2024, “Illiberal eastern Europeans look to play their Trump card,” Financial Times.Dimitar Bechev, Richard Giragosian, Gorana Grgić, and Batu Kutelia, December 5, 2024, “In Brief: Russia’s Hybrid War,”War on the Rocks.Dimitar Bechev, Iliriana Gjoni, October 24, 2024, “All Is Not Well With EU Enlargement to the Western Balkans,” Carnegie Europe.Dimitar Bechev, June 27, 2024, “Between the EU and Moscow: How Russia Exploits Divisions in Bosnia,” Carnegie Russia Eurasia Center.Dimitar Bechev, June 20, 2024, “Can EU Enlargement Work?,” Carnegie Europe.Thomas de Waal, January 16, 2025, “Moldova’s Gas Crisis Is Europe’s Headache,” Strategic Europe, Carnegie Europe.Thomas de Waal, October 31, 2024, “Georgia’s Dangerous Moment Is a Challenge for the EU,” Strategic Europe, Carnegie Europe.Thomas de Waal, October 9, 2024, “Can Georgia Stay on Its European Path?,” Europe Inside Out, Carnegie Europe.Thomas de Waal, June 5, 2024, “Opportunistic Georgia joins Europe’s illiberal club,” Financial Times.Thomas de Waal, October 9, 2024, “Between Russia and the EU: Europe’s Arc of Instability,” Carnegie Russia Eurasia Center.
Europe’s New Economic Statecraft (00:30:06)
Trade wars, the contestation of neoliberalism, and the weaponization of interdependence have prompted the EU to adjust its political economic model. Rym Momtaz sat down with Rosa Balfour and Erik Jones to discuss how the EU is changing its economic strategies and what challenges lie ahead for the new European Commission. [00:00:00] Intro, [00:01:29] The EU’s Political Economic Model, [00:15:37] Europe’s New Economic Statecraft, [00:23:40] Priorities for the New European Commission.Rosa Balfour, Sinan Ülgen et al., November 19, 2024, “Geopolitics and Economic Statecraft in the European Union,” Carnegie Europe.Rosa Balfour, Sinan Ülgen, November 28, 2024, “Europe’s Fledgling Economic Statecraft and the Trump Challenge,” Strategic Europe, Carnegie Europe.Rosa Balfour, November 27, 2024, “Europe Under Trump: Strategic Challenges and Opportunities with Rosa Balfour,” Europe’s Futures.Rosa Balfour, November 4, 2024, “Europe is trapped between technocracy and democracy,” Financial Times.Erik Jones, November 2024, “How Draghi and Letta may help in dealing with Trump,” Encompass.Rym Momtaz et al., November 7, 2024, “Taking the Pulse: Can Europeans Significantly Reduce Their Security Reliance on the United States?” Strategic Europe, Carnegie Europe.
Is Europe Ready for Trump 2.0? (00:38:03)
With Donald Trump returning to the White House, the future of the transatlantic alliance hangs in the balance. Europe Inside Out's new host Rym Momtaz is joined by Sophia Besch and Christopher Shell to unpack the reasons behind his victory and its implications for EU-U.S. relations.[00:00:00] Intro, [00:01:52] Interviews with Voters in the United States [00:10:52] The Reasons Behind Trump’s Victory [00:20:59] The Election’s Impact on EU-U.S. Relations [00:27:54] The Future of the Transatlantic Relationship.Rym Momtaz et al., November 7, 2024, “Taking the Pulse: Can Europeans Significantly Reduce Their Security Reliance on the United States?” Strategic Europe, Carnegie Europe.Rym Momtaz, September 17, 2024, “Europe’s Choice: Adapt or Atrophy,” Strategic Europe, Carnegie Europe.Sophia Besch, Liana Fix, November 7, 2024, “Europe Does Not Have the Luxury to Panic Over Trump’s Election,”, Emissary, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Sophia Besch, Christopher S. Chivvis, Stephen Wertheim, October 24, 2024, “Will America’s Next President Bring Real Change in Foreign Policy?” The World Unpacked, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Christopher Shell, October 24, 2024, “Race, Foreign Policy, and the 2024 Presidential Election,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Christopher Shell, October 11, 2024, “How Do Americans Feel About the Election and Foreign Policy?” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Can Georgia Stay on Its European Path? (00:20:48)
As Georgia approaches a critical election after the introduction of a controversial foreign agents law, the country’s future remains uncertain.Thomas de Waal, senior fellow at Carnegie Europe, and Natalie Sabanadze, senior research fellow at Chatham House, discuss how the election outcome could influence Georgia’s political landscape and international standing.[00:00:00] Intro, [00:01:43] Georgia's Political Landscape, [00:09:08] Georgia and the EU Candidate Status [00:14:39] Post-Election ScenariosThomas de Waal, June 6, 2024, “Opportunistic Georgia Joins Europe’s Illiberal Club,” The Financial Times.Thomas de Waal, June 3, 2024, “Putin’s Hidden Game in the South Caucasus,” Foreing Affairs.Thomas de Waal, May 21, 2024, “Georgian nightmare,” Engelsberg Ideas.Thomas de Waal, May 16, 2024, “The End of the Near Abroad,” Carnegie Europe.Natalie Sabanadze, March 7, 2024, “How geopolitical competition in the Black Sea is redefining regional order,” Chatham House.Natalie Sabanadze, November 16, 2023, “EU-Georgia Relations: A Local Show of the Global Theater,” Carnegie Europe.Natalie Sabanadze, May 17, 2023, “Who Is Afraid of Georgian Democracy?,” Carnegie Europe.
Can EU-UK Relations Be Reset? (00:29:08)
Following his party’s election victory, UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer is hoping for a fundamental reset of Britain’s relations with the rest of Europe.Peter Kellner, nonresident scholar at Carnegie Europe, and Kim Darroch, member of the British House of Lords, assess the prospects of revitalizing EU-UK ties on trade, security, and international cooperation.[00:00:00] Intro, [00:01:24] EU-UK Relations After Brexit, [00:07:59] The Impact of Labour’s Victory, [00:16:36] What’s the Future for EU-UK Relations?Kim Darroch, July 6, 2024, “In a fragile and dangerous era, strengthening ties with Europe is Britain’s most urgent challenge,” The Guardian.Peter Kellner, June 27, 2024, “Brexit Has Fundamentally Damaged the Tories,” Prospect.Peter Kellner, May 28, 2024, “The UK Braces for a Change of Direction,” Strategic Europe, Carnegie Europe.Peter Kellner, March 9, 2023, “Trust and Compromise Return to EU-UK Relations,” Strategic Europe, Carnegie Europe.
Has Europe Become More Strategic? (00:16:18)
After twelve years at the helm of the “Strategic Europe” blog, Judy Dempsey is stepping down as its editor in chief.Rosa Balfour, director of Carnegie Europe, sat down with Judy and Jan Techau, a former Carnegie Europe director, to analyze how Europe’s global role has evolved since 2012.[00:00:00] Intro, [00:01:30] How Did the Blog Begin?, [00:08:50] Has Europe Become More Strategic?
Is the Planet on the Ballot? (00:30:43)
This year’s elections in Europe and the United States will significantly impact global climate action amid increasing global insecurity and contested green policies.Olivia Lazard, fellow at Carnegie Europe, and Rod Schoonover, cofounder of the Ecosecurity Council, emphasize the need for more effective leadership and institutions to address climate change.[00:00:00] Intro, [00:01:23] The Climate Change-Security Nexus, [00:11:45] Will Elections Affect Climate Policies?, [00:20:47] The Need for Strategic Foresight.Olivia Lazard, December 19, 2023, “The Day After COP28: The Heat Is On,” Strategic Europe, Carnegie Europe.Olivia Lazard, June 1, 2023, “How the EU Can Use Mineral Supply Chains to Redesign Collective Security,” Strategic Europe, Carnegie Europe.Olivia Lazard, April 6, 2023, “The EU’s Water Strategy Is Too Shallow,” Strategic Europe, Carnegie Europe.Rod Schoonover and Dan Smith, April 2023, “Five Urgent Questions on Ecological Security,” SIPRI.Rod Schoonover and Eilish Zembilci, October 26, 2021, “New National Intelligence Estimate on Climate Change Underplays the Role of Food Security,” Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS).Rod Schoonover, April 21, 2021, “Plant Diseases and Pests Are Oft-Ignored Climate-Linked National Security Risks,” Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS).
Can the West Help Revive Global Democracy? (00:30:27)
The upcoming elections in the European Union and the United States are crucial tests for democracy on both sides of the Atlantic.Richard Youngs, senior fellow at Carnegie Europe, and Thomas Carothers, director of Carnegie’s Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program, discuss what is in store for the global democratic agenda and the current state of EU-U.S. cooperation on democracy support.[00:00:00] Intro, [00:02:14] The EU-U.S. Cooperation on Democracy, [00:11:59] The Global Democratic Recession, [00:18:43] The Future of the Transatlantic Democracy Agenda.Thomas Carothers and Richard Youngs, May 2, 2024, “European and U.S. Democracy Support: The Limits of Convergence,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Thomas Carothers and Frances Brown, February 6, 2024, “Democracy Policy Under Biden: Confronting a Changed World,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Thomas Carothers, January 22, 2024, “The Democratic Price of Countering Authoritarianism,” Just Security, Reiss Center on Law and Security at New York University School of Law.Thomas Carothers, January 10, 2024, “Democracy and Geopolitics Are on the Ballot in 2024,” Emissary, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Thomas Carothers, December 18, 2023, “Protests in 2023: Widespread Citizen Anger Continues, With Sources Multiplying,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Thomas Carothers, May 30, 2023, “Is the Global Tide Turning in Favor of Democracy?,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Richard Youngs, April 16, 2024, “Geoliberal Europe and the Test of War,” Agenda Publishing.Richard Youngs and Ricardo Farinha, April 24, 2024, “Securitization and European Democracy Policy,” Carnegie Europe.Richard Youngs, April 2024, “Why the European Elections Will Test Democracy,” Journal of Democracy.Richard Youngs, March 17, 2024, “The Defensive Turn in European Democracy Support,” Carnegie Europe.Richard Youngs et al., February 5, 2024, “European Democracy Support Annual Review 2023,” Carnegie Europe.Richard Youngs, Thomas Carothers, et al., April 17, 2023, “How Can Europe Help the Next Phase of the Summit for Democracy?,” Carnegie Europe.
What Next for Russia’s Neighbors? (00:32:37)
Putin’s war against Ukraine has prompted states in Russia’s neighborhood to reconsider their affinity to Moscow.Thomas de Waal, senior fellow at Carnegie Europe, and Fiona Hill, senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, reflect on the future political direction of these countries.[00:00:00] Intro, [00:01:44] Russia’s Changing Relations With Its Neighbors, [00:12:08] Putin’s Goals in Russia’s Neighborhood, [00:22:09] The Future Political Trajectories of Russia’s Neighbors.Fiona Hill, December 12, 2023, “‘We’ll Be at Each Others’ Throats’: Fiona Hill on What Happens If Putin Wins,” Q&A with Maura Reynolds, Politico.Fiona Hill, Samuel Charap, and Andriy Zagorodnyuk, July 27, 2023, “How Does the War in Ukraine End?”, The Foreign Affairs Interview Podcast, Foreign Affairs.Fiona Hill and Angela Stent, August 25, 2022, “The World Putin Wants: How Distortions About the Past Feed Illusions About the Future,” Foreign Affairs.Fiona Hill, February 28, 2022, “‘Yes, He Would’: Fiona Hill on Putin and Nukes,” Q&A with Maura Reynolds, Politico.Fiona Hill, October 2021, “There Is Nothing for You Here: Finding Opportunity in the 21st Century,” Mariner Books. Fiona Hill, September 12, 2016, “Putin: The One-Man Show the West Doesn’t Understand,” Taylor & Francis Online.Thomas de Waal, February 13, 2024, “In the Caucasus, Another Year of War or Peace,” Carnegie Europe.Thomas de Waal, September 26, 2023, “The EU and Azerbaijan: Time to Talk Tough” Carnegie Europe.Thomas de Waal, September 22, 2023, “A Tragic Endgame in Karabakh,” Carnegie Europe.Thomas de Waal, August 31, 2023, “The Orbanizing of Georgia,” Carnegie Europe.Thomas de Waal, May 11, 2023, “Time to Get Serious About Moldova,” Carnegie Europe.Thomas de Waal, January 25, 2023, “Russian weakness challenges EU to ease tensions in Nagorno-Karabakh,” Financial Times.
Can Europe Resist the Radical Right? (00:30:33)
Ahead of June’s European Parliament elections, radical right parties are gaining ground across the continent.Rosa Balfour, director of Carnegie Europe, and Stefan Lehne, senior fellow at Carnegie Europe, unpack the causes of this trend and reflect on how it could shape the EU’s political future.Carnegie Europe is grateful to the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland for their support of this work.[00:00:00] Intro, [00:01:28] Why the Rise of the Radical Right Matters, [00:11:18] Why the Radical Right Is on the Rise, [00:19:46] How the Radical Right Can Be Contained.Rosa Balfour, September 12, 2023, “Ursula von der Leyen’s Three Tiers of Challenges,” Carnegie Europe.Rosa Balfour, February 9, 2023, “The EU Must Reconcile Geopolitics and Democracy,” Carnegie Europe.Rosa Balfour, September 29, 2022, “How a Far-Right Victory in Italy Might Ripple Through the EU,” Carnegie Europe.Rosa Balfour, September 20, 2022, “A Meloni-led government need not spell disaster for Italy’s institutions,” Financial Times.Rosa Balfour, March 1, 2022, “Russia through the European prism: populism, politics, and the Russian war on Ukraine,” Encompass Europe.Rosa Balfour et al., 2016. “Europe’s Troublemakers – The populist challenge to foreign policy,” European Policy Centre.Stefan Lehne et al., January 18, 2024, “Judy Asks: Can the Far Right in Europe Be Contained?”, Carnegie Europe.Stefan Lehne, October 18, 2022, “The EU and the Creative and Destructive Impact of Crises,” Carnegie Europe.Stefan Lehne, February 8, 2022, “Europe is Struggling, Thirty Years After the Maastricht Treaty,” Carnegie Europe.Stefan Lehne, October 15, 2019, “Could an Illiberal Europe Work?”, Institute for Human Sciences.
Will 2024 Be Turkey's Turning Point? (00:33:15)
Turkey’s 2023 was marked by the reelection of President Erdoğan and by a reorientation of the country’s economic policy—while old disagreements with the West over Ankara’s close relationship with Moscow and poor rule-of-law record persisted.Marc Pierini and Sinan Ülgen, senior fellows at Carnegie Europe, discuss Turkey’s political and economic landscape ahead of the 2024 municipal elections and what the future holds for the country’s relations with Brussels and Washington.[00:00:00] Intro, [00:01:46] The Upcoming Local Elections in Turkey, [00:08:17] The Headlines From Turkey in 2023, [00:19:21] The Future of Turkey-EU Relations in 2024.Marc Pierini and Francesco Siccardi, October 24, 2023, “Turkey at 100,” Strategic Europe, Carnegie Europe.Marc Pierini, September 18, 2023, “Turkey’s European Goals: Prospects and Impediments as Seen From Brussels,” Carnegie Europe.Marc Pierini et. al, July 24, 2023, “What does Erdoğan’s new term in office mean for EU-Turkey relations?,” Centre for Applied Turkey Studies (CATS) Network.Marc Pierini, 2023, “Turkey’s Geopolitical Role. Between National Ambitions, Western Anchors and Russian Sway,” European Institute of the Mediterranean.Marc Pierini, Alper Coşkun, Francesco Siccardi, June 14, 2023, “What to Expect From Erdoğan’s New Term,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Marc Pierini, May 19, 2023, “Turkey has to reassess its position between NATO and a disruptive Russia,” Le Monde.Sinan Ülgen, November 20, 2023, “Europe needs a new framework for Turkey,” Financial Times.Sinan Ülgen, Alper Coşkun, November 7, 2023, “A Reflection on Türkiye’s Centennial,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Sinan Ülgen et. al, October 13, 2023, “Arab Perspectives on the Middle East Crisis,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
The Western Balkans’ Bumpy Road to the EU (00:24:31)
Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine has given EU enlargement new impetus, but obstacles to the Western Balkan countries’ integration persist.Dimitar Bechev, senior fellow at Carnegie Europe, and Oana Popescu-Zamfir, director of the Bucharest-based think tank GlobalFocus Center, discuss the domestic dynamics in the region and how Brussels can encourage democratic reform.[00:00:00] Intro, [00:01:41] Where the Western Balkans Stand on the Road to the EU, [00:11:20] Obstacles to EU Enlargement, [00:18:35] Prospects for Western Balkan Countries’ EU Accession.Dimitar Bechev, January 11, 2024, “Serbia’s Authoritarian (Re)turn,” Carnegie Europe.Dimitar Bechev, December 5, 2023, “There Are No Quick Fixes for EU Enlargement,” Carnegie Europe.Dimitar Bechev, September 28, 2023, “The EU Cannot Give Up on Serbia and Kosovo,” Carnegie Europe.Dimitar Bechev, June 20, 2022, “What Has Stopped EU Enlargement in the Western Balkans?,” Carnegie Europe.Oana Popescu-Zamfir, Nikola Dimitrov, et al., June 2, 2023, “It’s a Package Deal! Reforming and Enlarging the European Union in a Contested World,” Institute for Human Sciences.Oana Popescu-Zamfir, Rosa Balfour, et al., June 22, 2022, “What is to be done? The war, the Western Balkans and the EU,” Institute for Human Sciences.Oana Popescu-Zamfir and Zoran Nechev, May 3, 2022, “Time to Recognize Ukraine as European and Shake Up the EU Enlargement Process,” DGAP.
Europe in the New Middle East (00:29:13)
The Israel-Hamas war has exposed Europe’s declining diplomatic clout in the Middle East, where Arab countries and the United States are taking the lead to find durable solutions for the region’s peace and security.Pierre Vimont, senior fellow at Carnegie Europe, and Amr Hamzawy, senior fellow and director of the Middle East Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, take stock of Europe’s role in this troubled region and discuss the EU’s potential room for maneuver in the conflict.[00:00:00] Intro, [00:02:00] The EU and the Israel-Hamas War, [00:09:54] Rebooting the Peace Process [00:16:44] A New Role for the EU?Amr Hamzawy, December 6, 2023, “The Political Impact of the Israel-Hamas Ceasefire,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Amr Hamzawy, Nathan J. Brown, November 17, 2023, “Arab Peace Initiative II: How Arab Leadership Could Design a Peace Plan in Israel and Palestine,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Amr Hamzawy, November 1, 2023, “Pay Attention to the Arab Public Response to the Israel-Hamas War,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Amr Hamzawy, Rafiah Al Talei, Nathan J. Brown, Yasmine Farouk, Mohanad Hage Ali, Zaha Hassan, Marwan Muasher, Sinan Ülgen, Maha Yahya, Sarah Yerkes, October 13, 2023, “Arab Perspectives on the Middle East Crisis,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Pierre Vimont, October 10, 2023, “Europe’s Moment of Powerlessness in the Middle East,” Carnegie Europe.
Is Russia Changing the Rules of Cyberspace? (00:31:12)
Russia’s war against Ukraine reveals much about the use of cyber in warfare and the evolving role of states, international organizations, and the private sector in securing the digital realm.Raluca Csernatoni, fellow at Carnegie Europe, and Tim Maurer, senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, discuss the blurring of lines between war and peace in cyberspace and what it means for the future of cyber diplomacy.[00:00:00] Intro, [00:02:04] Russia’s cyber war against Ukraine [00:11:38], The role of states, international organizations, and the private sector, [00:20:39] The future of cyber norms and diplomacyRaluca Csernatoni, November 8, 2023, “Generative AI Poses Challenges for Europe,” Carnegie Europe.Raluca Csernatoni and Mark Manantan, July 4, 2023, “EU-ASEAN Cooperation on Cybersecurity and Emerging Technologies,” Carnegie Europe.Raluca Csernatoni, January 30, 2023, “Towards Strengthening the Transatlantic Tech Diplomacy: Trustworthy AI in the EU-U.S. Trade and Technology Council,” Transatlantic Leadership Network.Raluca Csernatoni and Katerina Mavrona, September 15, 2023, “The Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity Nexus: Taking Stock of the European Union’s Approach,” Carnegie Europe.Tim Maurer, October 22, 2023, “7 Simple Ways to Shield Yourself From Cybersecurity Threats,” Forbes.Tim Maurer, September 18, 2023, “6 Actions CEOs Must Take During a Cyberattack,” Harvard Business Review.Tim Maurer and Arthur Nelson, March 2021, “The Global Cyber Threat,” International Monetary Fund.Tim Maurer, January 2018, “Cyber Mercenaries: The State, Hackers, and Power,” Cambridge University Press.
What Place for Europe in the Indo-Pacific? (00:34:22)
Relations with Southeast Asia are critical to Europe’s clout in the Indo-Pacific. Investment, supply chains, visa regulations, and data protection are among the factors influencing EU-ASEAN ties.Lizza Bomassi, deputy Director of Carnegie Europe, and Elina Noor, senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, assess Europe’s relations with Southeast Asia and discuss where this partnership is headed.[00:00:00] Intro, [00:01:14] Europe’s Relations with Southeast Asia, [00:10:50] Important Milestones [00:22:24] Where Is the Relationship Headed?Lizza Bomassi, July 4, 2023, “Reimagining EU-ASEAN Relations: Challenges and Opportunities,” Carnegie Europe.Lizza Bomassi, December 13, 2022, “A Missed Opportunity on the EU-ASEAN Summit,” Carnegie Europe.Rosa Balfour, Lizza Bomassi, Marta Martinelli, June 29, 2022, “The Southern Mirror: Reflections on Europe From the Global South,” Carnegie Europe.Lizza Bomassi, November 24, 2021, “The Asia-Europe Meeting and the Case for Minilateralism,” Carnegie Europe.Elina Noor, “ASEAN Can Shape Its Digital Order,” Lowy Institute.Elina Noor, April 2020, “Positioning ASEAN in Cyberspace”, Asia Policy, Vol. 15, No. 2.
What Peace for Ukraine? (00:27:23)
As Ukraine continues its counter-offensive and advances democratic reforms in pursuit of EU and NATO membership, Western support for the country has never been more crucial.Judy Dempsey, senior fellow at Carnegie Europe, sits down with Marie Yovanovitch, senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, to discuss how Europe and the United States can bring Ukraine closer to victory and when conditions for peace negotiations might be ripe.[00:00:00] Intro, [00:01:57] Western Support for Ukraine, [00:11:15] Ukraine’s Democratic Transition, [00:14:58] Prospects for Peace.Judy Dempsey, August 29, 2023, “The War in Ukraine is About Europe’s Future,” Carnegie Europe.Judy Dempsey, July 20, 2023, “Ukraine Has Not Transformed EU Foreign Policy,” Carnegie Europe.Judy Dempsey, July 13, 2023, “NATO Gives Ukraine No Finishing Line,” Carnegie Europe.Judy Dempsey, July 6, 2023, “Judy Asks: Is NATO Membership Realistic?”, Carnegie Europe.Judy Dempsey, April 25, 2023, “Ukraine’s Resilience is About Winning the War,” Carnegie Europe.Marie Yovanovitch, June 1, 2022, “36 Experts Agree: Stay the Course in Ukraine,” The Hill.Marie Yovanovitch, March 25, 2022, “Marie Yovanovitch on Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine,” The Washington Post.Marie Yovanovitch, March 15, 2022, “Lessons from the Edge: A Memoir,” Mariner Books.
